Introduction

Each of my proxmox servers has its own dedicated UPS.  My servers are low power and the UPS will keep them up for at least 2 hours.  I’m using a Cyberpower UPS connected via USB.

This howto will use a Cyberpower UPS as the example.  Its very easy to make a couple changes to use another UPS.

We will be using NUT to do the heavy lifting.  When done the server will run and shutdown when the battery reaches 20%.  As a bonus notification emails will be sent as well.

Installation and configuration

SSH into your proxmox server with an account that has root privileges.

The only package to install is nut.
>sudo apt install nut

Plug in your UPS to a USB port.  We need to find the USB device information for your UPS.  So lets list our USB devices.
> lsusb

Here’s my list of USB devices.  In this example I’m interested in the Cyberpower.  Copy down the ID of your UPS.

Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0764:0501 Cyber Power System, Inc. CP1500 AVR UPS
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Create the following config file:  /etc/nut/ups.conf

maxretry = 3
[theUPS]
  driver = usbhid-ups
  port = auto
  desc = "the server UPS"

We need to create a udev rule to allow nut user access to the driver.  The ID you copied down earlier is used here so udev knows which device the rule applies to.  So create:  /etc/udev/rules.d/90-nut-ups.rules

# Rule for a Cyberpower UPS
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0764", ATTR{idProduct}=="0501", MODE="0660", GROUP="nut"

Now restart udev.
> sudo service udev restart

Next unplug the usb cable to the UPS and plug it back in for the rule to work.

Ok.  Its time to configure NUT to run in stand alone mode.  Replace /etc/nut/nut.conf with the following:

MODE=standalone

The ups daemon has 2 configuration files to deal with.  It needs to be configured for the ip and port to listen on.  We also create a user that can monitor the UPS.

Replace /etc/nut/upsd.conf with the following.

# LISTEN <address> [<port>]
LISTEN 127.0.0.1 3493
LISTEN ::1 3493

Replace /etc/nut/upsd.users with the following.

[upsmonitor]
password = YOUR_PASSWORD
upsmon master

The last file to configure is the UPS monitoring daemon. Replace /etc/nut/upsmon.conf with the following.

# Commands for shutdown on power loss
MONITOR theUPS@localhost 1 upsmonitor YOUR_PASSWORD master
POWERDOWNFLAG /etc/killpower
SHUTDOWNCMD "/sbin/shutdown -h now"

Enable the nut server and client services.
> sudo systemctl enable nut-server.service
> sudo systemctl enable nut-client.service

For the final step lets start the server and client services.
> service nut-server start
> service nut-client start

Conclusion

Nut is a pain to configure, but well worth it.

Introduction

These are just some quick notes on creating a mysql database and user.  This example shows how to set it up for WordPress.

The Steps

Just type the following lines.  Replace ‘dbname’, ‘username’ and ‘password’ with your values.

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE dbname;
CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.* TO 'username'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit

Introduction

If you are running PHP 7+ on a production server then you want to enable PHP’s opcache.  Your PHP applications will receive a well deserved speed boost.

Configure PHP

This configuration example is being done on Ubuntu 18.04.  Only mod_php for Apache will have the opcache enabled.

The php.ini file has all the settings commented out.  So for Ubuntu copy the following and paste it at the end of /etc/php/7.2/apache2/php.ini

[opcache]
opcache.enable=1
opcache.validate_timestamps=1
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.memory_consumption=192
opcache.max_accelerated_files=20000
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=16
opcache.use_cwd=1
opcache.fast_shutdown=1

Now restart apache.
> systemctl restart apache2.service

Install an Opcache Status PHP Script (Optional)

If you want to see how your opcache is doing then this script will help you out.

Download the php file:
> wget https://raw.github.com/rlerdorf/opcache-status/master/opcache.php

Now copy the file into your web directory.  You can create an htaccess file limiting access to the script.

Conclusion

PHP 7’s opcache is a wonderful improvement.  Enable it.  You won’t be disappointed.